The Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften holds a ‘Turfan collection’ of textual materials brought to Germany after the four Turfan expeditions carried out by Albert Grünwedel and Albert von Le Coq between 1902 and 1913. These items are predominately fragmentary manuscript items on paper, palm leaf and birch bark. They have been significantly studied through the collaborative research project Turfanforschung.
